Multifamily housing accounted for 10.1% of total housing in South Korea(hereafter ‘Korea’) in 1980, which increased by about seven to eight times to 75.0% in 2017 over the last four decades. Very few countries have seen this kind of explosive growth in the number of households residing in multifamily housing within such a short period of time. In other words, Korea has experienced a rapid increase in multifamily housing in line with its economic growththe socalled Miracle on the Han Riverhence its nickname the “Republic of Apartments.”
Multifamily housing has become established as a common type of residential housing in Korea. The course of this establishment was marked by a continuous series of wideranging issues regarding multifamily housing complexes, and as part of efforts to solve and prevent such issues, multifamily housing management systems were also developed on an ongoing basis. As a result, research findings indicate that residents of multifamily housing are more satisfied with their residence, relative to their counterparts living in detached housing.
Korea has placed efforts into continuously developing its multifamily housing management systems in three aspects. First, new laws were established to resolve problems with multifamily housing management, and amendments were made to existing laws in a bid to reflect reality. Second, the Korean government solidified its multihousing management framework by introducing a housing manager qualification system, under which nationallyrecognized experts are permitted to manage multifamily housing. Lastly, the government provided systematic education programs for occupants residing in multifamily housing, councils of occupants’ representatives organized to decide important matters, and housing managers and housing management workers in charge of multifamily housing management. All these efforts led to creating an environment where multifamily housing is managed in a safe and efficient manner despite its rapid growth.
This book was published with an aim to introduce how multifamily housing management systems have developed in Korean society. Topics such as the development of New Towns, largescale development projects of multifamily housing complexes, and redevelopment projects in Korea had already been introduced in Southeast Asia and other regions around the globe. However, this book appears to be the first that systemically addresses how to manage multifamily housing supplied in large quantities.
To this end, a group of authors including those working in relation to multifamily housing management and academics participated in the writing of this book. These authors include workinglevel experts of the Korea Housing Managers Association, a statutory body of housing managers, and research experts of the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management, which is responsible for conducting research on multifamily housing management on an ongoing basis. They focused on the background behind the increase in multifamily housing; the significance of multifamily housing management; multifamily housing management systems; the qualification system and expertise of housing mangers; management expenses, reserves for longterm repairs, and tasks of multifamily housing management systems; ways to vitalize communities; and the development directions of multifamily housing management.
It would be difficult to explain residential life and community culture in Korea without discussing multifamily housing. Rather than simply supplying multifamily housing, Korea in 2019 places various efforts across a diverse range of fields into managing the supplied multifamily housing and further creating a new residential community culture. We hope that readers around the world will garner an understanding of multifamily housing in Korea, multifamily housing management systems and Korean’s living and community culture, and utilize this book as a useful material in developing housing policies.
President of the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management
SeongKyu Ha
Editor
Korea Research Institute of Housing Management
(Website: www.krihm.org)
The Korea Research Institute of Housing Management (KRIHM) was established in 2013 in order to build a systematic housing management system that can adapt to the change of focus from construction and supply to maintenance and management, and to contribute to advanced and specialized management and institutional development based on academic and practical research on housing management. KRIHM is a research institute that identifies problems in the housing management system, explores alternatives, and pursues the direction for future development through indepth discussions. KRIHM conducted research such as The Nature of MultiFamily Housing Management and Trend Analysis of Management Expenses (2013), Guidelines of MultiFamily Housing Management for Improving the Expertise of Resident (2014), Working Environment Survey for Workers Engaged in MultiFamily Housing Management (2015), A Study on the Direction of Development in the MultiFamily Housing Management System (2016), and A Study on Measures to Improve the Quality of Housing Management Service System (2017). It published books including Contemporary Multifamily Housing Management: Theory and Practice (2014), A New Paradigm for Multifamily Housing Management (2016), The Reality of Apartment Workers: Can We Work Happily? (2017), and Community in MultiFamily Housing Complex (2017). It also held academic seminars including Innovate the Paradigm of MultiFamily Housing Management (2018) and Longterm Repair Plan for MultiFamily Housing: Current Status of Legislation and Major Issues (2018).
Contributors
SeongKyu Ha
SeongKyu Ha is an Emeritus Professor of Urban Planning and Real Estate at ChungAng University, South Korea. He also serves as the president of the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management. He received his Ph.D. in Urban Planning from University College London and an MSc from the London School of Economics. His current research interests have centered on lowincome housing policies, urban residential regeneration and housing management. He has authored numerous publications on housing policy and urban and community regeneration, including Housing Policy, Wellbeing and Social Development in Asia (with Rebecca L. H. Chiu, Routledge, 2018). Recently, he was elected Chairman of the Korea Housing Service Society, a housing expert consulting and research group in Korea. He is on the Board of Directors of the Korea Land and Housing Corporation.
KwanHo Myong
After passing the Judicial Examination, KwanHo Myong received training at the Judicial Research and Training Institute (2010, 39th graduating class). He worked in law firms including Lee & Ko, handling lawsuits and providing consultations in various areas such as civil and criminal cases and administrative affairs. He serves as the Legal Affairs Officer at the Korea Housing Managers Association.
AhRim Ahn
AhRim Ahn graduated from the Department of Urban Planning and Real Estate at ChungAng University, and received a Ph.D. in Urban Planning from the graduate school of the same university. Currently, Ahn works for the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management. Ahn received her Ph.D. with a dissertation titled A Study on Effects of Regional Income Level on Subjective Income Status, and impact on Subjective WellbeingFocused on Reference Group Effects (2017). Currently, she is conducting research on the multifamily housing management system and residential satisfaction.
EunTaek Kang
EunTaek Kang received a Ph.D. in Urban Planning from the Department of Urban Planning and Real Estate at ChungAng University, and currently works for the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management. Kang’s major research achievements include A Study on the Factors Affecting Household Choices of Dwelling: Focused on the Characteristics of Home Owning Renters (2008), A Study on the Factors Affecting the Time to Purchase a Home for The First TimeFocused on Survival Analysis (2011), Intergenerational Effects of Parental Wealth on Children’s Housing Wealth (2015), Migration Behavior of Students and Graduates Under Prevailing Regional Dualism: The Case of South Korea (2017), etc. Currently, he is conducting research on housing policy, housing management system, and housing relocation.
TaKwan Choi
As a housing manager, TaKwan Choi held the position of chief manager in charge of practical affairs in the field, working as the head of the management office and an executive of an entrusted management company for 22 years. Choi received a master’s degree in engineering from the Graduate School of Housing at Seoul National University of Science and Technology, and a Ph.D. in Economics from the Graduate School of Energy and Environment at the same university, majoring in Building Energy Management. He was a coauthor of study materials for the housing manager qualification exam, and participated in the publication of MultiFamily Housing Management Practice (2002). Currently, he serves as Vice President and Director of Planning and Coordination at the Korea Research Institute of Housing Management. As a housing management specialist, he is also dedicated to the research on the legislative system and the system’s improvement, as well as teaching.
ByungNam Park
ByunngNam Park graduated from the Graduate School of Architectural Engineering at the University of Seoul and received a Ph.D. in Real Estate from Kangwon National University. Park is a member of the first graduating class of housing managers, and works as a manager of practical affairs in the field as a pioneer of the Korean housing management system. Currently, he serves as SecretaryGeneral of the Korea Housing Managers Association, and supervises management offices across the nation. He is a specialist in multifamily housing management and the relevant legislative system. He is an adjunct professor at Kangwon National University and Myongji University.
CHAPTER 1 Background behind Development of MultiFamily Housing in Korea(SeongKyu Ha)
CHAPTER 2 Significance of MultiFamily Housing Management(SeongKyu Ha)
CHAPTER 3 MultiFamily Housing Management System(KwanHo Myong)
CHAPTER 4 Qualification System and Expertise of Housing Managers(AhRim Ahn)
CHAPTER 5 Management Expenses and Reserves for Longterm Repairs in MultiFamily Housing(EunTaek Kang)
CHAPTER 6 Remaining Challenges for Korea’s MultiFamily Housing Management System(TaKwan Choi)
CHAPTER 7 Measures to Revitalize Communities in MultiFamily Housing(EunTaek Kang)
CHAPTER 8 Direction of Development in MultiFamily Housing Management(ByungNam Park)